This study introduces the rubric-based progress score (P-score), a model emphasizing individual student growth, as a complement to conventional assessment. By integrating progress tracking into grading, the P-score offers students a clearer understanding of their academic development over time. Designed to work alongside existing systems, the P-score highlights learners’ efforts and improveme…
As generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and large language models (LLMs)-powered applications develop rapidly in the era of algorithms, it should be integrated thoughtfully to enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning without replacing learners’ critical thinking (CT). This study systematically analyzes the impact of generative AI tools and LLMs on language le…